Research and evidence

Geras Solutions and our application Minnesmottagningen place great importance on clinical validity and evidence. Certain parts, such as the cognitive test, have been clinically tested in collaboration with Karolinska University Hospital. The platform also provides several other components that are important for investigating cognitive diseases or dementia. Below you will find summaries and more information about clinical evidence and relevant publications.

Geras Solutions Cognitive Test (GSCT)
The GSCT is based on established validated cognitive test questions found in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The impact of digitization and further development of cognitive test batteries has been researched on both healthy control groups for normative data as well as on patients being investigated for suspected cognitive disease/dementia disease.
GERAS Proof of Concept Study with Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital
Miia KivipeltoGöran HagmanMarie RydénVictor Bloniecki
The Geras Solutions Cognitive Test (GSCT) and its validity was evaluated in this study made in collaboration with Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital. In order to validate the GSCT’s precision, it was compared to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE / MMT). One hundred six people who had been remitted to the Cognitive Clinic at Karolinska University Hospital for their cognitive issues participated in the study. In its totality, GSCT performed well in its diagnostic ability when tested on the research subject and was similar to or better than MoCA and MMSE/MMT in its precision. The study shows that Geras Solutions can be a viable screening tool for cognitive impairment and dementia. 
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Geras Solutions cognitive tests for assessing cognitive impairment: normative data from a population-based cohort
Victor BlonieckiJ. UlfvarsonK. JavanshiriG. HagmanY. Freund-LevA. Nordström
The Geras Solutions Cognitive Test (GSCT ) has been evaluated in a normative study in collaboration with Umeå University and Norrland University Hospital. The study included 144 healthy subjects from a population-based cohort. The study generated information on how cognitively intact individuals perform on the test and identified that high educational level affects test performance but gender does not. Furthermore, the study also showed that the GSCT exhibits good "test-retest" reliability when tested in the clinic as well as in the home, further strengthening the validity of the tool.
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Population-based data for the Geras Solutions cognitive test: experience of cognitively healthy participants
J. UlfvarsonVictor BlonieckiK. Javanshiri
A qualitative study design was used to investigate the experience of 132 participants who completed the cognitive test both in the clinic and at home. After the test, participants responded to a short questionnaire about their experience with the digital cognitive test. Free text comments were analyzed using systematic text condensation. Participants appreciated the opportunity to complete a cognitive test in digital form from their own chosen place and time and rated the experience of the digital cognitive test highly. Participants expressed that they felt more relaxed when they could sit and complete the test themselves.
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University West evaluates the experiences of healthcare professionals when implementing the Geras tool assessment of cognitive impairment.  
Ann SvenssonLinn GustavssonIrene SvenningssonChristina KarlssonTina Karlsson
University West has published a qualitative study in which subject experts and healthcare professionals who have used Geras Solutions were interviewed about their experience of the digital tool. Both the healthcare staff and the expert group express a strong positive opinion of the tool and see multiple benefits of Geras cognitive test for screening of cognitive impairment. Among other things, the tool was perceived as time-efficient, resource-saving and helped to improve diagnostics, especially in complicated cases.
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Screening of other relevant conditions with AUDIT-C, ASRS, PHQ-9
Geras Solutions also provides screening tools for depression, ADHD, fatigue syndrome and alcoholism. The validated frameworks AUDIT-C, ASRS, KEDS and PHQ-9 are used for this. Here you will find the publications describing the evidence for these frameworks.
The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
K BushD R KivlahanM B McDonellS D FihnK A Bradley
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Validity of pilot Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to Rate Adult ADHD symptoms
Lenard A AdlerThomas SpencerStephen V FaraoneRonald C KesslerMary J HowesJoseph BiedermanKristina Secnik
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Validation of Karolinska Exhaustion Scale:psychometric properties of a measure of exhaustion syndrome
Fredrik SaboonchiAleksander PerskiGiorgio Grossi
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The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure
K KroenkeR L SpitzerJ B Williams
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Neurocognitive Symptoms Questionnaire
Ragnar Åstrand Sindre RolstadAnders Wallin
Geras Solutions provides the symptom questionnaire, CIMP-QUEST. The questionnaire handles information on cognitive impairment and symptomology regarding brain regions in patients with MCI and dementia. This instrument is based on relatives’ information and aims at identifying symptoms related to various cognitive diseases and dementia. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were based on 131 patients with MCI and mild dementia. The study shows that CIMP-QUEST has high reliability and validity.
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Risk reduction tool based on elements of FINGER
Miia KivipeltoAlina SolomonSatu AhtiluotoTiia NganduJenni LehtisaloRiitta AntikainenLars BäckmanTuomo HänninenAntti JulaTiina LaatikainenJaana LindströmFrancesca MangialascheAulikki NissinenTeemu PaajanenSatu PajalaMarkku PeltonenRainer RauramaaAnna Stigsdotter-NeelyTimo StrandbergJaakko TuomilehtoHilkka Soininen
In the Geras Solutions tool, you will find a risk reduction tool based on parts of the randomised clinical trial FINGER (Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability) conducted under the leadership of Professor Miia Kivipelto.

The FINGER study shows that cognitive function can be improved through changes in a number of lifestyle factors in different risk groups. According to Miia Kivipelto, preventive risk reduction has the potential to slow down the progression of the disease and set the stage for many more good years without dementia. The results of the two-year study showed clear improvements in cognition and other positive effects in the treated group.

Overall cognition improved by 25% in the treated group compared to the control group. Executive functioning, such as the ability to plan, organise and multitask, also increased by 83%. The speed of processing information increased by as much as 150% in the treated group.
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